منابع مشابه
Whittaker Graduation and the Hodrick-Prescott Filter
Hodrick and Prescott (1997) proposed a smoothing method for economic time series that is very similar to graduation, it is usually known as the H-P method. They acknowledged that this method is equivalent to graduation methods and that it had been in use among actuaries. The literature on smoothing methods based on their approach grew separately from the graduation literature, due to the useful...
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The irregular and slope disturbances, εt and ζt, respectively, are mutually independent and the notation NID(0, σ2) denotes normally and independently distributed with mean zero and variance σ2. The signal-noise ratio, q = σ2 ζ/σ 2 ε , plays the key role in determining how observations should be weighted for prediction and signal extraction. The higher is q, the more past observations are disco...
متن کاملSoftware Publishers
Nature of the Industry All organizations today rely on computer and information technology to conduct business and operate more efficiently. Computer software is needed to operate and protect computer systems and networks. Some 8,200 establishments are engaged primarily in computer software publishing or publishing and reproduction. Software publishing establishments carry out operations necess...
متن کاملPublishers, artists, and copyright enforcement
This paper investigates whether and to what extent there is a conflict of interest between artists and their publishers, regarding to whether and to what degree illegal distributions of their copyrighted recordings should be prevented. This conflict arises because artists also earn their profit from other market activities such as giving live performances, in addition to their share of profits ...
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Libraries and publishers have evolved together. Publishers rely on libraries as a minimum market for their scholarly products. Inflationary pressures have caused publishers to increase prices that, in turn, strain library budgets that have not increased as fast, and which, in turn, undermine the minimal demand publishers can count on, adding to inflationary pressure. A simple mathematical model...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Hispanic American Historical Review
سال: 1960
ISSN: 0018-2168,1527-1900
DOI: 10.1215/00182168-40.1.143a